Signaling system.



s. 041m. SIGNALING SYS'IBI. 'APPLIGA'UGI FILED All. 10, II.

Patented Sept. 22,1908.

8 BEETS-B1331 I.

;, UNITED STATEPATENTOFF1OE saw-mt euionor naooKLm-n, MASSAGILUSl-ITTS, AsslGNOR T STONE TELEG APH Ann T 0 all whom it may concerns zen f the United States, and a resident of which the following is a specification.

'mitting intelligence from one station to anto their destination; and it relates more parmay be operated by and in connection 'Wibll such wire telegraph systems, but maintaining mittmg operator.

operated by and in connection with existing opmcnt of commercial wire telegraph system's.

' TELEPHONE conriux Y, or BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

" smnanmesirsrax.

no. 899,240. Speeificat'ionol Letters Patent.

Other objects of my invention will hereinafter appear and will be particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

My invention may best be understood by having reference to the drawings which ace company and form a part of this s ccification and which diagrammatically il ustrate organizations of apparatus and circuits whereby'the hereinbefore stated objects may other by means of electromagnetic waves, be realized. without the use of wires to guide the waves Inthe drawings, Figure 1 is a diagram of a combined transmitting and receiving wireless telegraph system and an open circuit wire telegraph system so associated there-. with that the wireless telegraph transmitting system may be operated bysaid wire-telegraph system and said wire telegraph systenr may be operated by said wireless telegraph receiving system; Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a signaling'system comprising an open circuit wire telegraph system associated wit Be it known that I, nwium-CA nona cit Brookline, in the county of Norfolk and. State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement 111 Signal ng Systems, of

My invention relates to the'art of transt .icularl v to a complete system for transmittingand receiving such waves, which may be wire telegraph systems.

The general ob ect of n y invention is to provide a wireless telegraph system which existing wire telegraph systems without changing any of the operating features of said operating featuresin their present form gram of a combined transmitting and receivas in use today in the present state of develf ing wireless telegra 11 system associated in a similar manner wit 1 a duplex wire telegraph system; Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a signaling system comprising a duplex wire telegraph system associated with a wireless telegraph syster'n.

r In. the figures, V is an elevated conductor,

Another object of my invention is to provide a wireless telegraph transmitting system which may be operated by a wire telegraph transmitting operator located at a distance from said system; and a wireless telegraph receiving system, located at the same station as said transmitting system or at' a did'ere'nt station, which may operate a sounder or other wire telegraph receiving apparatus located at a distance from said re ceiving system and which may be located at the'same wire telegraph station as said trans- I, and I, are transformer primaries and sec- S is a spark-gap, A is an alternating current generator or other suitable source of vibragraph line; and the various elements are distinguished from each other by the employment of exponents and subscripts.

1 As meant in this application, an open circuit wire telegraph system is one in which the sending keys normally are open, the relays normally are dci' ncrgized, their armatures being on their be ck contacts, and the sounder. circuits normally are open, the sounder hammers being held up'i'rom their an ils against their up contacts. There may or may not be current normally on the line.

The open circuit wire telegraph system shown in Fig. 1 is provided with a key K which as shown is normally held by the spring f againstits back contact 8 to which one terminal of the rclayl 1 is connected, the other terminal of said relay being shownas Other special objects of my invention are to provide wireless telegrapl'i systems which may be operated by and in connection with existing wire telegraph systems and by which messages maybe sent by front-stroke-Morse, so that said wireless telegraph systems may be operated by and in connection with existing open-circuit wire telegraph systems or existing duplex or quadruplex wire telegraph systems; and in generalto employ wireless tlegraphy to supplement such existing wire telegraph systems in any and 'all possible ways, some ofwhich are hereinafter set forth in the present application and others of which areset forth in my applications Serial Nos. 305,260, 305,262, and 305,263, filed s-multaneously herewith.

a wireless telegraph system; Fig. 2 is a dia- Patented Sept-122 1908. Application and limb n, 1906. semi No.305,281. i

E is an earth connection, M is a transformer',

ondaries respectively, C is a condenser, L is an inductance, R 1s a resistance, K is a key,

tory current, B is a battery, I is a'wire talei e i earthed at E". 1 The spring normally holds the armature 12 against its back stop so that the sounder 1 4" normal ly denergrzcd and the hammer 1'5 noi7nially is held by the spring} {.4 against its'up contact. The key is 'con-' -nected' to the line I which includes the arma- ',tur'e 6 of the relay 5, the back-contact Tot said armature andthe winding of the relay 2 which'as shown isearthed at It will be seen'that the relays 1 1 and 2 normally are de' ener ized and that uponthe depression of the key into contact with the front stop 9, the

'j'elay 11 remains. deenergized and'the relay 2 is connected in series with the battery B. ".The *i'csulting energization of the relay 2 causes the attraction ofits armature 3 to its front stop 4 therebyclosing the circuit of the magnetl through the battery B and energizing saidnnagnet. The magnet 1 now causes the. attraction of the key K thereby opening the circuit of the oscillation res )onder P at the point 7:, short-circuiting the receiving system between the points 0 '0 by the closure oi" contact 1'' and grounding the .transmitting system at the point E; and finally closing the primary. power circuit at 'Ic'. The generator A in san, primary power clrcuit'enthat said signals are translated into f rent stroke-Morse wireless signals by; the transmitting wireless telegraph system and the apparatus associating it with the wire system. The clcctronvggnetic signal waves so radiated are received at adistant station provided with the sameapparatus as that shown in Fig. 1, and the resulting electrical oscillations developed in the elevated receiving conductor system V l. s o l) l" 0' E are translated bythe transformer M to the q resonant receiving circuit I," Q" attuned to thcl'requency of said waves and preferably so related to the loop circuit (3," l,' that its naturalperiod is prmztically independent of the electromagnetic constants of said elevated receiving wnductor system. The oscillation responder l, which in the present case is shown as consisting ol' a cell containing an electrolyte and having as its anodcW a wire about one mil in diameter inclosed in glass so that only its end is exposed, is operated by the dillcrence of potential developed by said oscillations between the terminals of the condenser U," and thereby causes the energization of the wireless telegraph relay Q,

the armature g of which closes the circuit of relay 5. The armature 6 of said relay is now drawn to its front contact 7 against the tension of the springs and thereby closes the line I through the batte B"," energizing the relay 1] and operating t re sounder 14.

If a receiving operator fails to understand" a signal. or. series of signals, he si'nals" break by depressing the key K and t ereby transmitting electromagnetic signal waves to the transmitting operator'at the station from which signals are being transmitted; and the latter, receives the "break sigmd, when his key K" is in its normal position, bc tween his own signal clemcnts. It will be noted that during transmission the dill'erence of potential existing between the ints 0 and 0 which form the terminals of t re receiving system, is negligibly small and 'will' not injure the delicate parts of said system.

It will be noted also that the point of connection of the receiving system to the trans mitti'ng system during transmission is a point having prar'stically zero potential to ground so that the potential of the receiving system as a whole isnot elevated during transmission as would be the case if said receiving system'were connected duringtransmission to the transmitting system at a point other than one of zero potential. Although the apparatus above described whereby a receiving operator may signalybrcak without injuring the receiving apparatus 1s the form preferred by me in practice, I do not wish to be limited to' this particular device for breaking?, inasmuch as other arrangements may serve my purpose.

Although the line 1 has been described as a wire telegraph line, it will be obvious-that it may consist of a conductor of a few feet in length so that the key K and its associated. apparatus, including the receiving'apparatus l 1, 14 may be contained in the wire graph station house. The advantage of the css telelatter construction is that a transmitting o when a receiving operator. 'at a distant station is breaking, for when said receiving operator is breaking the conductor I is disconnected from the relay 2 by the attraction of the armature 6 to its front contact. This -advantage is animportant one because the transmittingoperator sometimes fails to receive a .break signal when a telephone receiver is employed as the signal-indicating device.

Fig. 1 discloses sehen'iatically two tenninal stations each comprising the ap aratus and circuit arrangements shown in r ctail in Fig. 1. The reference characters in Fig. 1 indicate the same apparatus as the (airmspending characters in Fig. 1 and subscripts and ex onents are employed for dill'erentlating sue 1 apparatus and circuit arrangements at the two terminal 'stations shown in Fig. 1.

.erator cannot send wireless telegraph signa s the apparatus whu graph'systcm with thowirelcss telegraph system. Y j As is well understood by elegraphers, that. 1 particular type of open circuit wire telegraph. system known as the polar duplex system renders much better service cspecially'over RH'cpi'ese-nts the terminal Station wire telegraph receiving ap aratlis and II" represents asst'i'ciates the wire tcle while I have shown in Fig. 2a well known form of polar bridge duplex, it is to be understood that I do not limit myself to such articular type of duplex system, inasmuc as any suita 1e ty e of duplex system such as the Stearns di erential duplex or the polar differential du lex or'even a Stearns bridge duplex, may e substitutedior s'ai'd polar bridge duplex, and also a polar system, run

according to the open-circuit system shown in Fig. 1, may be employed if desired.

The wireless telegraph features of the signaling system shown injF 1g. 2 are identical with those shown in Fig. 1. In lieu of the armature 6 of the relay f Fig. 1, I substi-.

tute in Fig. 2 an armature 6 carrying an extension provided with a double contact point 20 which in connection with the spring tongues 17, 18 and the fixed contact 19 constitutes a pole-changing key; and in lieu of the relay 2 of Fig. 1 I substitute in Fig. 2 a polar relay. 2 whose armature 3' is normally biased away from its front contact 4. At

I V the other end of the duplex system the .key

K by closin the circuit of the magnet 22 through the diattery B controls a similar pole-changing key, and a-polar relay l 1" cont'rols a sounder 14. 24 and 24 are the usual artificial lines em loyed for balancing the duplex system. I he operation is as follows: The operator at t e terminal station closes his key K, thereby reversing the directionof the current from the battery B I over the line and causing the relay2 to close the circuit of the magnet 1 by the movement of the armature 3 over to the front contact 4. The reversal of the current does notafi'ect the relay 11' which is connected between the points g g of the bridge arms R,

R between which points no difference of- BOtOIItIal 18 created by the current from the,

attery B,. "he encrgization of the magnet l results' in the transmission of electromagnetic waves in the manner ex lainedabove in connection with Fig. 1. he waves so transmitted are received at a distant receivand circuit arrangements shown in etail in as that shown in 2 and operate the oscillat-um detector l. The operation of said oscillation detector results in the energiza- ,tioi'rol', the wireless telegraph relay Q and of a the clay: 5 which causes the pole-changing 0- reverse .tl e' d1rectron of the .current "flowing from.batterylBfl"overtheline and I h thereby oiperat'cs the relay 1 1.'. and Sounders.-

14,without,"however, operating the rela "2'" or the transmitting magnet .1. i

- The operation of breaking is ezlected by depressing the key K, and signaling,break 1 in the usual mannegand the clectromagneticjiwaves thereby transmitted arereceived at-' i i the distant station between the signal elemen ts of the message there l'iein r transmitted when the key K is in its norma osition.

Fig. 2 represents schematica ly two terminal stations eachcomprising the ap 'aratus- Fig 2. I The reference characters in Fig. 2 indicate the same apparatus as the corresponding characters in Fig. 2 and subscripts and exponentsare employed for differentiating sue apparatus and circuit at the two terminal stations shown in Fig'. 2. R represents the terminal station wire telegra h receiving apparatus and H represents t e apparatus which associates the wire telegraph system with the wireless telegraph system.

I do not wish to be limited to the exact form of apparatus and circuit arrangements which I have herein shown and descrlbed'for the purpose of more fully disclosing my invention, inasmuch as said apparatus and circuit arrangements are capable of a wide range of'variation without departing from the s irit of my invention.

1. In a signaling system, a wireless telegraph system and an open-circuit 'wi're telegraph system operatively associated therewith.. 1

2. In a signaling system, a wireless telegraph transmitting system, an open-circuit wire telegraph system, and means so associating said systems that said wireless telegraph transmitting system may be operated by said open-circuit wire telegraph system.

3. In a signaling system, a wireless telegraph receivmg system, anopen-circuit wire telegraph system and means so associating said systemsthat said open-circuit wire teleraph system may be operated by said wireess telegraph receivingsystem.

4. In a signaling system, a combined transmitting and receiving wireless telegraph system, an open-circuit wire telegraph system, and means soassociating said systems that said wireless telegraph transmitting sys- 12 tem may be operated by said open-circuit wire telegraph system and said wire tale--- graph system may be operated by said wirecss telegraph receiving system.

6:". ing station provided with the same apparatus 5. In a signaling system, a combined 1:; device.

ing apparatus without operating said sending 6. Ina signahngsysteni, a wireless telegraph system including a sending device and a receivingdevice, an open-cireuit wire tele- 'graph s stem associated with said wireless 1 said receiving device for operating said wire telegraph system without operating said 'sending'device.

i 7. In a signalin system, a wire telegraph system, means or sending front-stroke- Morse signals thereby, a'wireless telegraph transmitting system, and means associated Y with said systems for converting said signals into front-stroke-lilorse wireless s gnals, in i combination with a wireless telegra h receiving system adapted to receive sair wireless signals, a wiretelegraph system, and means associatedavith said systems for converting said wireless signals into front-stroke-liiorse wire signals.

' 8. In a signaling system, a wireless telegraph transmitting system, means for operating the same by an open-circuit wire telegraph system, a wireless telegraph receiving system and means for operating an open.-

I circuit wire telegraph system thereby;

9. In a signaling system, a wireless tele-- graph transmitting system, means for operating the same byan open-circuit wire tele- 40 graph system, a wireless telegraph receiving system, means for operating an open-circuit wire telegraph system thereby, and means whereby the wire telegraph operatorsmay break through the intermediary of said wireless telegraph systems.

10. In a signaling system, a combined transmitting and receiving wirelesstelegraph system including a sending device and an osl .ClllfltlOIL-(lOlZBQtOl, an open-circuit wire telegraphsyst'em including a receiving apparatus, means controlled by said wire telegraph system for operating said sending device, and

means controlled by said oscillation detector 1, for closing said open-circuit wire telegraph system.

11. In. a signaling. system, a combined transmitting and receiving wireless telegra -ih system including a sending device and an os-I cillation detector, an open-circuit wire tele- 00 graph system including a receiving apparatus, a normally deenergized relay in' said wire -telegraph' system operating said sending device only when said wire telegraph system is closed, and a relay controlled by said oscillation detector for operating said receiving .15 telegrapi system, and means operated by apparatus without energizing said first men tioned relay.

12. In a signaling system, a wireless 'telegraph reeeivjngsystcm including anoscillation detector, an open-circuit wire tele raph ing the back contact and armature of a. relay graph transmitting s stem, a. duplex wire telegraph system, an means so a'sso'ciati P said systems that said wireless telegrap l transmitting system may be opel'ated by said duplex wire telegraph system.

vQconncctedfthereto, a circuit controlloddiy said oscillation deteetor anjd. including the winding ofsai'd relay, and-means controlled by said relay.'forfenergizing said receiving 15. In a signaling system, a wireless tel'c graph receiving system, a duplex wire telegraph system and means so assoclatm said systems that said duplex wire telegrap 1system may be operated by said wireless telegraph receiving system.

16. In a signaling system, a combined transmitting and receivingwireless telegraph system, a duplexwire telegraph system and means so associating said systems that said wireless telegraph transmitting system may be operated by said duplexwire telegraph system and said duplex wire telegraph systern may be operated by said wireless. tolegraph receiving system.

17. In a signaling system, a wireless telegraph transmitting system, means for operating the same by a duplex wire telegraph system, a. wireless telegraph receiving sys tem and means for operating a duplex wire telegraph system thereby.

18.v In a signaling'system, a wireless telegraph transmitting system, means for o )eratmg the same by a duplex wire telegrap 1 system, a wireless telegraph receiving system, means for operating a duplex wire telegraph system thereby, and means whereby the wire telegraph operators may break through the intermediary of said wireless telegraph systems. v

19 In a signaling system, a combined ,transmitting and receiving wireless telegraph system, including a sending device and an oscillation detector, a wire telegraph system including a receiving apparatus, a polarized relay controlled by said wire telegraph sytom for operating said sending device, and a ole-changing key controiled by said oscilation detector for operating said'reeeiving apparatus without operating said sending device.

2Q. In a signaling system, a wireless tele graph transmitting system including a sendi'ng key,.a wireless telegraph receiving sys- 7.0 line including a receiving apparatus amihav:

' see,

tem including an oscillation detector, means operated by said key for rendering said 05- clllation detector inoperative, means for pre- .tventlng "the operation of said transmitting "system when signals are being received by said receiving system and an open-circuit, wire telegraph system operatively associated withsaid transmitting and receiving systemsi 21.' In a signaling system, a wireless tele graph transmitting system, a wire telegraph system comprising a normally deenergized f line wire, means for applying a source of i A wireless'telegraph transmitting system may electromo tive force to said line wire, and means so associating said systems that said be operated by said wire telegraph system. 22. In a signaling system, a wireless telegraph transmitting-system, a wire telegraph system comprising a line wire and a normally deiinergized relay, means for energizm said relay and means controlled by said re ay for operating said wireless telegraph transmitting system.

polarized relay, and means associating said systems whereby said relay will control the 1 operation of said wireless telegraphtransmitting system.

V 25. In a signaling. system, a wireless tele-' graph receiving system,- a wire telegraph system including a pole-changing key and e means so, associating said systems thatsaid wire telegraph system may be controlled by the operation of said pole-changing key. 26. In a signaling system, a wireless telegraph receiving system, a wire telegraph system including a pole-cha m key and means controlled by said key or translating the signals received by said wireless telegraph receiving system to said wire telegraph system. v v

27. In a signaling system, a wireless telegraph transmltting system including a sendclated with said wireless telegraph transmitting and receiving systems that said wireless telegraph transmitting system will be operated by said wire telegraph system and said wire telegraph system will be operated by said so wireless telegra h receiving system, means j operated by sai key for rendering said oscillation detector inoperative and means for preventing the operation of-said transmlttmg systemwhen signals are being received byes said receiving system. A

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 8th day of Mob. 1906. i

SiEVVALL CABOT.

Witnesses: V

E. B; Tommson, Gao. K. Woonwonm.

a wireless tele raph receiving sys. w -tem mcluding an oscillat on detector, an open-circuit wire telegraph system so asso- 

